The construction industry plays a key role in the social and economic development of a country. However, the sector generates significant environmental impacts regards to the generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW). The management of CDW is one of the main challenges for sustainable development, one solution being the recycling of materials in the form of aggregates. With the consolidation of carbon credit markets, materials that can capture carbon dioxide (CO₂) have gained prominence for their possibility of trading carbon emission rights in these markets, generating economic gain. In this sense, researchers have studied the feasibility of CO₂ capture through recycled aggregates through the carbonation process. Carbonation occurs through contact between CO₂ and calcium ions (Ca²⁺) present in the cement, reacting and generating calcium carbonate compounds (CaCO₃) that are permanently attached to the material. Given this, this work seeks to evaluate the capacity of CO₂ capture by recycled aggregates produced from crushed concrete. For this, the pH inside the concrete was evaluated to confirm the potential to capture CO₂ due to the alkalinity present because of calcium ions. Then, the CDW aggregates were carbonated and successive measurements by mass and thermogravimetry (TGA) methods were performed to calculate the degree of carbonation of the aggregates and the CO₂ captured. Subsequently, the fine carbonated aggregates were recharacterized and applied to mortars to study the influence of carbonation on the properties of these composites. It was evaluated with physical, mechanical and durability tests. As a result, was confirmed the possibility of CO₂ capture by recycled concrete aggregates and its application within the carbon credit markets for economic gain. In addition, appliying carbonated recycled aggregates showed improvements in the mortar properties, enhancing physical properties, compressive strength and durability against water and acid attack. With these results, it seeks to promote sustainability in the field of construction materials aiming at sustainable development.

Alkali-activated foams (AAF) combine the benefits of foamed structures and alkali- activated matrices. The goal of this work is to study the influence of the binder, the type and percentage of different foaming agents, the curing regime, and the use of surfactants on the physical and mechanical properties of alkali activated foams. Blast furnace slag (BFS) and steel slag (SS) were used as binder. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and aluminum powder (Al) were chosen as foaming agents, Matchen AE11 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were employed as surfactant. The results confirm that AAF could successfully be produced using BFS and BFS/SS (46.89 MPa and 29.02 MPa), but the use of SS resulted in lower compressive strength. Lower values of density were obtained when higher quantity of Matchen AE11 were used. The use of H2O2 and aluminum powder reduced the compressive strength and the density of AAF for both curing regimes. However, among the tested percentages, increasing the quantity of foaming agent did not result in statistical reduction of compressive strength. Thermal curing promoted higher compressive strength at early curing age but lower compressive strength after 28 days. The addition of SDS contributed to the increase of more than 4 times in the porosity of the reference formulation. In addition, formulations produced combining foaming agent and SDS presented higher porosity and even lower compressive strength and densities, when comparing to the same formulations without surfactant. To illustrate, formulations produced using 1% H2O2 and 0.05% Al cured at room temperature presented, 9.78 MPa and 10.64 MPa of 28-day compressive strength and of density 1.47 g/cm3 and 1.37 g/cm3, respectively.

The issues related to the durability of buildings are usually associated with the presence of moisture or water infiltration through the pores of the cementitious materials composing the structures. Advances in biomimetics and nanotechnology have enabled the development of hydrophobic and superhydrophobic materials capable of repelling water at angles 150º, respectively. The synthesis of these materials often involves the combination of a low surface energy material (such as alkylsilanes, siloxanes, etc.) with an appropriate surface microroughness. This study aimed to synthesize hybrid silicas through the sol-gel technique and apply them directly as coatings and additives in cement pastes and mortars. The synthesis utilized the silane precursors trimethoxymethylsilane (MTMS), isobutyl(trimethoxy)silane (IBTES, and triethoxy(octyl)silane (OTES), which have a hydrophobic organic branch that repels water. The properties of the coated and addition-containing samples were evaluated over time and under various environmental conditions through durability tests, hydrophobicity assessments, and mechanical tests. Samples with 6% addition of MTMS hybrid silica exhibited a capillary absorption 40.5% lower than the reference sample. However, mechanical resistance was compromised, being about 30% lower. Samples coated with hybrid silica exhibited contact angles up to 109º (cement pastes) and 127º (mortars) and absorbed up to 136 times less water via capillary pores than the reference sample. The organic chain length of the hybrid precursors and the substrate surface micro-roughness directly influenced the hydrophobic and the durability properties of the coated cementitious materials. The best results were obtained in the coating with the longest aliphatic chain (8 carbon atoms), made from triethoxy(octyl)silane (OTES), which was applied in mortars. This coating was also the most effective over time (90 days) and under different environmental conditions. The most effective and durable coatings are ranked as follows: OTES-based silica > IBTES-based silica > MTMS-based silica. The carbonation depth in mortars coated with IBTES-based and OTES-based silicas were smaller at 270 days of exposure than carbonation depth of the reference sample at 90 days.

The objective of the research was to evaluate the durability of cementitious compounds with the addition of graphene oxide (GO). The content of 0.08% of graphene oxide, in relation to the cement mass, was added in mortars made with CPV cement. Tests of mechanical resistance, workability, porosity and resistance to aggressive agents, sulfates and chlorides, were carried out. The workability of the samples, measured by the flow table test, showed a reduction of approximately 12% in the spreading diameter. The greatest difference observed in mechanical strength was at the age of 91 days, with an increase in compression of 5.05% and in tensile strength by diametral compression also an increase of 9.18% in relation to the reference. Higher water absorption, voids index and specific mass were observed in samples with graphene oxide compared to control samples. In view of the penetration of chlorides, the samples with GO had a reduction of approximately 25%. In the test of resistance to attack by sulfates, no significant difference was found in the expansion of the samples with GO, in relation to the reference samples. The results suggest great potential for obtaining cementitious composites enhanced with graphene oxide due to the specific properties of this material.

The research verified the influence of incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) on the
carbonation of cementitious composites was verified. Mortars were fabricated with
CP V-ARI cement and a ratio of 1:3, with GO incorporation levels of 0, 0.03% and
0.05% in relation to the cement mass. Tests related to the mechanical performance
and durability of the samples were carried out. Thus, it was possible to verify that
carbonation influences the mechanical resistance of cementitious composites. It was
also observed that the incorporation of GO did not present significant results for
water absorption by immersion, but the addition of 0.05% reduced the compressive
strength of mortars subjected to accelerated carbonation by 15.81% and 11.43%
when compared to the reference and the one with the addition of 0.03% GO.
Furthermore, it was noted that mortars with the addition of nanomaterial at levels of
0.03% and 0.05% increased the tensile strength due to diametrical compression of
mortars subjected to accelerated carbonation by 18.88% and 17.95%, respectively,
however, the addition of 0.03% GO caused a 49.73% increase in carbonation depth
in relation to the reference. Therefore, based on the test results, it is possible to
consider that graphene oxide is a promising material that can provide improvements
in the properties of cementitious composites and contribute to their durability.

The use of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is of great importance when it comes to sustainability in civil engineering. The use of this waste as recycled aggregates is something widely studied, although it is little used in practice in the national context. However, due to the massive amounts of waste generated worldwide and the increasing difficulty of final disposal, it is necessary to develop new techniques for recycling these materials. In this context, the possibility of using these wastes as mineral additions to cementitious composites arises. The present thesis presents three possibilities of using these wastes. Its main goal is to evaluate the suitability of powders from CDW as supplementary cementitious materials and/or binders. First, the partial replacement of Portland cement or silica fume by recycled powder from masonry bricks is being studied. Subsequently, the possibility of recycling the powder from hydrated cement pastes is evaluated by heat treatment it. This powder will serve as a substitute for Portland cement in high performance concrete mixes. Finally, the possibility of manufacturing a mixture containing only CDW, as a binder and pozzolan, in its constitution, is evaluated, thus aiming at obtaining proportions between recycled powders that allow materials with structural strength. As an expected result common to the studies, it is expected to show the feasibility of manufacturing cementitious composites with recycled CDW powders in their constitution.

The generation of waste is increasing due to population growth, urbanization and economic development, especially in developing countries. The Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), a significant portion of solid waste, management is increasingly a challenge in the search for economic, social and environmental sustainability. Historically, CDW management has been treated with reactive actions, seeking to solve environmental problems. Therefore, in order to promote a more efficient management, it is essential to foresee the development of this problem in the future urban context, based on current scenarios. This research aims to develop a model for predicting the generation of CDW for medium-sized cities, enabling the proposition of management networks for the current and future scenario (considering the expansion of the municipality). The proposed methodology involved the development of the CDW generation prediction model, applied to the municipality of Varginha / MG, which associated the historical series of CDW generation conceived for the city and the variables that were related to the production of this waste. Based on the forecast model, CDW management networks were proposed for the current and future scenario of the municipality. Finally, the proposed networks were analyzed, verifying their changes due to the increase in CDW generation and the expansion of the municipality. The results of the application of the developed forecast model indicated an increase of 18.27% in the estimated amount of CDW generated, when compared to the current (2020) and future (2040) scenarios. This forecast of growth in the generated CDW, added to the expansion of the city's urban area, promoted changes in the location of the proposed infrastructures and consequently in the CDW management networks. The verification of the need for changes in CDW management networks is essential for maintaining their efficiencies over the years. Thus, it is expected that the results of this research model will contribute to the development of efficient CDW management networks, being a tool in the search for solving current environmental problems and also allowing the adoption of proactive actions for the correct management of the CDW in the future scenario.
KEYWORDS: Construction and Demolition Waste, Forecast model, Management network, Sustainable construction and Waste management.

Civil engineering is responsible for numerous transformations in the physical-geological environment in order to meet society's demands. Geosynthetics are polymeric matrix products used in civil engineering with different functions. In the last decades, these have been gaining market as a technological and sustainable alternative, since in different areas they present lower impacts and costs in comparison to conventional projects. One of the implications is the knowledge of their durability against the degradation factors inherent to the environment in which they are used during the project lifetime. The present research aims to estimate the durability probability of geosynthetics under tensile creep and field weathering synergism. This analysis includes weathering tests between winter/2020 to autumn/2021, in isolation and together with tensile creep, with the 15% loading of the ultimate tensile strength. Specifically, a polypropylene woven geotextile is evaluated as an example study. Mechanical parameters retained after the tensile tests will be assessed by statistical tools, besides obtaining a probability density function (pdf) that best fits the durability behavior under degradation synergism. As preliminary results, the influence of climatic dynamics on the geotextile creep deformation is verified, especially in tests initiated in the spring and summer weather stations, to the detriment of higher ultraviolet radiation incidence and average daily temperatures. Therefore, the climatic dynamics at the exposure beginning were relevant in the durability behavior over time and, possibly, will influence the tensile strength retained after test time. The knowledge of the geosynthetics durability in medium and long-term applications is justified by increasing the reliability of design lifetime estimates and contributing to different sustainable applications in civil engineering.

Although Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars are becoming commonplace, their mechanical properties – low modulus of elasticity and high tensile strength – result in design of GFRP-reinforced concrete members (GFRP-RC) often being governed by deflection and crack control at the serviceability limit state. Bond performance of GFRP bars impacts the crack control provided and, due to the empirical nature of bond characterisation in design, bond of GFRP remains described in relation to that of steel. To describe the bond performance of GFRP bars, a bond-dependent coefficient, kb, is adopted in design guides and standards. The bond and cracking behaviours of GFRP bars embedded in concrete – including the estimation of kb – were investigated through 80 pull-out and 12 non-standard prism tension tests. The evaluation of kb using ASTM D7913 pull-out, confirming the bond performance using a smaller number of prism tension tests, is proposed. This non-standard test has the advantage of providing quantitative, in addition to qualitative comparison of cracking behaviour as it is affected by reinforcing bar characteristics. The data obtained in this experimental programme supplemented an extant database of 137 comparable pull-out test results covering a range of GFRP bar and concrete parameters. In order to demonstrate the influence of some parameters in the estimation of kb, this work also presents an analytical study of kb based on 157 data available in 19 published studies in which kb was predicted from experimental flexural tests using GFRP bars.

Steel is a material used in projects and, currently, several studies are carried out to propose software programs based on Advanced Analysis concepts in order to provide results that are more consistent with the real structures’ behavior and enable the design taking advantage of the maximum load capacity of the structural system. Many works are based on classical Euler-Bernoulli theory; however, in the case of short structural members and I-shaped steel profiles, a more rigorous analysis taking into account the shear effects through the kinematic hypothesis of Timoshenko and the interaction of normal and shear stresses on cross-section yielding become necessary. The aim of this work is to present a study of the behavior of plane steel frames considering the influence of shear strains using the concepts of Advanced Analysis. The proposed numerical methodology takes into account the spread of plasticity within the cross section and along the member length, the residual stresses and the second-order effects P-∆ and P-δ. The inclusion of the effects caused by shear stresses in the plastification of members is carried out by implementing the von Mises yield criterion in the PPLANLEP software. From numerical models, it is possible to visualize the proper functioning of the software program to perform second-order elastoplastic analyses. Furthermore, it was observed that in structural models that were little subjected to shear efforts, the load capacities of the structural systems did not change when considering the von Mises yield criterion. Nevertheless, for beams, especially the shorter ones, the consideration of the interaction between normal and shear stresses in the cross-section yielding resulted in lower load capacities when compared to results considering only normal stresses.

In building projects, regardless of the material used, the structural elements, in addition to being dimensioned to resist the internal forces at environment temperature, must also be evaluated in a fire situation. At high temperatures, new stresses are generated by the thermal action, causing changes in the behavior of materials, due to the progressive degradation of their properties, resulting in the loss of strength and rigidity of these elements. The distribution and development of temperature in cross-sections can be determined by advanced analysis methods, based on the assumptions of heat transfer. The aim of this work is to study the evolution of temperature in cross-sections subjected to the action of fire by an advanced thermal analysis. Thus, a computational program was developed, written in Fortran 90/95 language, capable of performing thermal analysis in steady and transient regimes on two-dimensional elements, considering the linear triangular finite element with 3 nodes. To validate the efficiency of the thermal analysis program and its future insertion in a thermo-structural analysis program, numerical examples subjected to different fire exposure conditions, with and without thermal protection, are presented. The results of the temperature distribution as a function of time were satisfactory when compared with the results available in the literature and obtained by Ansys 2021 R1 and SAFIR 2014.a.1 software programs, showing the good performance of the developed computer program.

Rio das Velhas, located in the state of Minas Gerais, has water quality parameters that do not comply with environmental legislation. Thus, an efficient management of water resources is necessary in order to guarantee water quality. In this context, water quality models can be used as an alternative to assist in planning and decision-making by managers. Among the various models, QUAL2Kw presents itself as an efficient tool in water quality simulation. In this sense, this research aims to simulate the water quality of Rio das Velhas through the QUAL2Kw model, seeking to support the planning of the basin, in terms of interventions aimed at improving water quality. For this, 185 km of length of the Rio das Velhas were simulated, from the city of Raposos to Jaboticatubas, simulating the parameters OD and BOD. First, this model was calibrated and validated. In addition, in order to facilitate the accounting of polluting loads in the Rio das Velhas, the Ribeirão Arrudas was also simulated, from its source to its mouth in the Rio das Velhas and this to the city of Jaboticatubas, totaling a stretch of 195 km. This new model was also calibrated and validated. Scenarios were simulated to evaluate alternatives for improving the water quality of Rio das Velhas. These scenarios proposed a reduction in the discharge of raw sewage in the main sub-basins of Ribeirão Arrudas and Ribeirão Onça and an improvement in the efficiency of BOD removal from ETE Onça. It was found that the 80% reduction in the discharge of untreated sewage in the Jatobá sub-basin of Ribeirão Arrudas together with the 9% improvement in the BOD removal efficiency of the Onça ETE provide a significant improvement in water quality. of the Rio das Velhas. This scenario manages to reach the limits established by the legislation for the OD and BOD parameters about 16 km before the current situation. In this sense, it is concluded that the model proved to be able to assist in the planning of the basin, aimed at improving the water quality of Rio das Velhas.

Buildings must provide conditions to ensure thermal comfort and well-being for users throughout the year, requiring minimum consumption of additional energy to assist in artificial temperature control. Several building materials can improve the thermal behavior of buildings for the local climate and therefore provide energy savings, such as Phase Change Materials (PCM). PCMs are capable of absorbing and dissipating significant amounts of heat, during their phase change, maintaining thermal comfort in buildings. In this context, it was proposed in this study to test the PCM incorporation to construction systems as an alternative solution to optimize the thermal performance of housing envelopes in the subtropical Brazilian climate, as well as its thermal comfort conditions for users. Initially, the thermal performance of the envelope of a single-story housing representative model, in its original aspect, was evaluated in three Brazilian Bioclimatic Zones (BZ 1, 2 and 3), through the simulation method of NBR 15575-1:2021. In addition, the potential thermal comfort conditions for users were estimated, considering 80% of occupant acceptance, according to the Adaptive Thermal Comfort Model by ASHRAE Standard 55-2017. The results indicated inadequate thermal performance of the original building for the subtropical climate. Thus, as an alternative solution proposal, the impact of the PCM incorporation in the envelope was evaluated in different combinations, considering the variation of its thermophysical properties, as wells as the exchange of the original construction (Heavyweight Model - HM) by a Light Steel Frame construction system (Lightweight Model - LM). The results indicated that the PCM was able to adapt the building thermal performance to the climate and increase the thermal comfort conditions in most cases, mainly in the LM. Besides, the increase of the PCM’s thermal storage capacity and the surface area of its application led to better results. However, in the HM, the PCM melting points that provided the best thermal comfort conditions did not allow meeting the Minimum level (M) of thermal performance of the building required by NBR 15.575-1:2021. From this study, therefore, it was demonstrated the importance of considering the thermal comfort conditions for users, in addition to the building thermal performance level, as well as optimizing the PCM thermophysical characteristics, to make suitable design decisions.

The non-rational consumption of natural resources and the generation of waste are some aspects that compromise the sustainability values of the civil construction industry, which uses a considerable volume of aggregates, such as sand and gravel, in the production of concrete and mortar, as a building material. filling in works of urban and road infrastructure, among others. The generation of civil construction waste (CCW) by the civil construction industry (CCI) has the potential to impact society and the environment. As a way to mitigate possible impacts, the CCI itself seeks ways to insert the CCW, through practices such as recycling or reuse. The use of reinforced soil walls as a solution in urban infrastructure has grown in recent years, as they meet technical, architectural, economic, time and sustainability aspects. For the execution of reinforced soil walls, the following can be used: filling soil, geosynthetics, segmental blocks and natural aggregates (NA). Geosynthetics are products made from polymers, have different functions and are used in different applications. In segmental retaining wall (SRW), geosynthetics, mainly geogrids (GG), are used as reinforcement material. The segmental blocks are made of precast concrete and can be used on the wall facing as anchoring elements for the reinforcements and lateral form of the structure. The NA are used to fill in the segmental blocks, giving the set greater capacity for anchoring the reinforcement next to the face, as well as helping with the drainage of the structure. As an alternative to replacing NA, recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are used as filler material for segmental blocks in SRW. For the purposes of the research, RCA and AN in the granulometric zone and 9.5/25 mm (coarse aggregates) were submitted to physical characterization tests and connection resistance tests under normal tensions of 40 kN/m², 50 kN/m², 60 kN/m², 80 kN/m² and 100 kN/m², in order to evaluate the performance of the interface elements when subjected to traction. The results of the physical characterization tests showed that the RCA underwent more expressive changes in the values of the properties when submitted to the performance tests. However, the connection resistance values of the tests in which the RCA were used showed more expressive results in relation to the tests using NA, when subjected to normal tensions of 40 kN/m², 50 kN/m², 60 kN/m² and 80 kN/m². The results determined in the connection resistance tests pointed to the potential use of RCA as filling material for segmental blocks for SRW with an elevation equal to or less than 5 meters.

The pavement infrastructure comprises 16.3 million kilometres worldwide, and the pavement-related industrial sectors are said to be responsible for 21% of the global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions worldwide (Plati, 2019). Sustainable actions on materials for those pavement layers mostly consider replacing (i) natural aggregates (NA) for recycled ones and (ii) Portland cement (PC) used as binder/stabiliser with binders with a lower ecological footprint. This research investigates the possibility of incorporating recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) as an aggregate replacement and alkali-activated material (AAM) as Portland cement (PC) replacement in/for base and subbase layer materials. So far, most studies focused on the use of RAP and PC or supplementary cementitious materials. The combination of RAP with alkali-activated matrices may be an even more sustainable solution, given that not only the aggregate is recycled, but also PC is absent from the matrix. Properly designed AAM are stronger and more durable than PC-based materials. It is, therefore, very likely that the employment of RAP in AAM will result in materials that achieve the minimum requirements for road applications. This research produced an alkali-activated material containing fine and/or coarse RAP aggregates (RAP-AAM) as a replacement for natural aggregates to be used as base layers of pavements. The main objective of this thesis is to determine whether AAM can incorporate high amounts of RAP, and be used as pavement base layers without compromising mechanical and durability performance. During this research, two innovative characterization methods were used as an alternative to those often employed for Portland concrete. Firstly, the observation of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) was improved by combining a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The combination of both techniques permitted a better observation of the heterogeneous asphalt coating of the RAP particles, the presence of clusters, and cracks at the border and within the activated matrix. Secondly, the thesis proposes an alternative methodology to observe and quantify the shrinkage of RAP-AAM or any other cementitious materials by employing simplified optical imaging. Although this method only allows for the observation of total shrinkage, it is an almost inexpensive method that could give a clear indication of volume changes over time. The experimental data demonstrated that an ideal alkali-activated binder composition to produce RAP-AAM lean concrete would have 10% MK replacement (BFS vol%) and the activator would have 8% Na2O and Ms= 0 (i.e., activated with NaOH and no sodium silicate). This selection was based on the minimum activator amount required to reach the target compressive strength for a weak to medium lean concrete (5 to 10 MPa), while also minimizing the shrinkage effect. The durability assessment to freeze and thaw and leaching indicated similar performance for RAP-AAM and reference (RAP-PC). The findings of this research showed that RAP-AAM is a promising material for pavement base layers and more investigation is needed on long-term strength and durability.

The calibration of thermal comfort indexes for urban environments is done through the use of statistical methods, which correlate the numerical value of the index with the response on people's perception of the thermal sensation, in order to determine the thermal comfort bands. Studies aimed at calibrating the Universal Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI) and the Equivalent Physiological Temperature (PET) index are increasing in many countries. However, there is currently no standardization of the procedures to be adopted during the calibration process, especially with regard to statistical treatments. In this context, the present study seeks to analyze the statistical methods most used in the calibration of these two indices in order to verify which of the methods most used by the scientific community has the greatest adjustment. A survey of previous studies and verification of the most used statistical methods was carried out. Calibrations were performed using the R software, using three statistical techniques most cited in previous studies and three different scales of thermal perception (3, 5 and 7 points), for a sample of 3,630 subjective responses from previous studies in the city of Belo Horizonte - MG, tropical climate region. Then, a comparison of the results obtained and analysis of the statistical methods was performed. As a result, 34 calibrations were surveyed, involving 50% of the calibrations on the international stage. The PET index and the methods of linear regression analysis, ordinal logistic regression and probit analysis, respectively, achieved a greater number of calibrations. Calibration by linear regression was not viable, as it did not fit the database under study in a linear fashion. The calibrations of the PET and UTCI indexes by the ordinal logistic regression method reached a smaller thermal comfort range compared to the probit analysis for 3, 5 and 7 points of the thermal perception scale. However, it was analyzed that the limits of these thermal comfort bands reached very close values and there was no impact variation. Through the analysis of the model's quality measures (Bootstrapping and AIC) combined with the number of points on the thermal perception scale, it is proved that the ordinal logistic regression for 3 categories, both for the PET index and for UTCI, reached a greater adjustment in this study.

Sound pressure levels in cities are mainly due to human activities. Vehicle traffic, commercial activities, pedestrian traffic and schools are examples of sound sources that can trigger, in addition to economic impacts, disorders in the health and quality of life of the population. Sound mapping is a tool that allows the identification of sound pressure levels in a spatial configuration and propose plans to mitigate them. Facing the existing gap in the city of Belo Horizonte - MG, the objective of this dissertation is to acoustically map a central area ofthe city during the day, night and night and to identify if there are points where the normative limits are exceeded (conflict map). A computer simulation will use data that characterize sources and the urban environment, using the Predictor software. The simulated values will be validated with measurements, using the sonometer, at 20 different points (receivers). For the conflict map, the simulated values, such as the urban zoning information and the limits defined by NBR 10.151 (ABNT, 2019) and by Law No. 9.505 (BELO HORIZONTE, 2008), will be necessary. It is expected to obtain a visually clear sound mapping for divulgation, which will contribute to discussions and proposals for adjusting the current municipal legislation.

Turbulence is a phenomenon in which the fluid particles mix disorderly and where there are instantaneous fluctuations in velocities that are irregular and apparently random. The application of numerical models for the analysis of the flow in transposition structures of the ichthyofauna allows for a better understanding of turbulent flow. Turbulence is a notable aspect for explaining fish movement, as turbulent flow can produce different effects on it. Beyond how turbulent the runoff is, fish can be attracted or repelled, helping or slowing their migratory movements. The RANS equations (Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) with the K-ε turbulence model have been the main numerical model to characterize the flow in fish passages. More recently, a LES (Large Eddy Simulation) simulation was reported to be better for characterizing turbulence in incompressible flows. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate whether the numerical models RANS and LES are able to capture the turbulence effects of a free surface hydraulic flow measured in two physical model: 1) fish ladder of central vertical slot in reduced scale, and 2) circular channel for fish juvenile and eggs . Therefore, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed using OpenFOAM software and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was used to determine the free surface of the flow. In order to validate the model, velocity measurements with ADV (Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter) were made to compare and adjust the results of the simulations. The LES kEqn model was better than RANS k-ε in representing turbulence. An application of the LES model in flumes will be useful to improve the understanding of fish passage performance.

Steel towers have been usually used in electric power transmission lines, whose main function is to support the conducting cables and lightning rods and keep these elements with safe electrical distances, away from the grounded parts. These towers are designed as truss systems with laminated members and some use auxiliary cables for their stability, called cable-stayed towers. The exact analysis of these systems is complex due to the nonlinear behavior produced by the normal forces in the cables, the external forces acting during the large displacements to which these structures are subjected and the non-linear geometry of the cables themselves. Such conditions justify the use of the advanced structural analysis, which takes into account the geometric and material nonlinearities involved in the problem. With the advancement of computational technology in recent decades, it has been possible to develop programs that employ advanced analysis techniques. These programs generate results that are closer to the real behavior of the structures. In this context, the objective of this research work is to evaluate the effects of geometric and material nonlinearities on structural systems formed by cable structures and space trusses, considering their application in cable-stayed towers of transmission lines. The academic program ASTRAS and the commercial program TOWER are used to compare the structural responses in terms of forces, stresses, strains and displacements of numerical examples to confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the nonlinear analysis method in cable-stayed towers of transmission lines. It is concluded that, when considering the material nonlinearity during the analysis, there is a better use of the resistant capacity of the structural elements. Therefore, the use of an analysis method that considers the geometric and material nonlinearities can enable a reduction in the consumption of raw material used in the production of steel, since this method allows to obtain a more realistic response of the structural behavior and a less conservative design.

The need to demolish or repair structures is a recurrent situation in civil construction. Therefore, the importance of an accessible and efficient method of structural monitoring to avoid economic, environmental and human losses is needed.Piezoresistive materials, such as carbon nanotubes (NTCs), can vary their electrical resistance under mechanical deformation, enabling instantaneous structural monitoring, which leads to premature detection of possible failures. Thus, in this present work, cement pastes and mortars were made with the addition of CNTs pre-dispersed in isopropanol. To achieve the best conditions for the piezoresponse essay, the drying method of the composites, the type of electrode, the electrical frequency, the mechanical load applied, and the water saturation level of the samples (100%, 50%, or 25% moisture) went through tests.Mechanical tests were performed (compressive strength and modulus), as well as bulk density and an electrical test (electrical resistance measurements) for parameter analysis and characterization of the composite.Finally, piezoresponse tests were carried out and revealed that composites with 50% water content presented the best piezoresistive behavior, with the mortar being the composite with the highest sensitivity and best piezoresponse reversibility.The possibility of detecting the continuous opening of cracks through the variation of electrical measurements (voltage and electrical resistance) is noted. The mechanical properties were not improved, and the bulk density did not significantly change with the addition of CNTs in the composites.

The cement industry accounts for approximately 7% of global CO2 emissions inherent to human action, mainly due to the large consumption of energy and volume of emissions resulting from the production of clinker, the main constituent of Portland cement. Supplementary cementitious materials (MCS) they are sustainable alternatives for reducing these impacts, as they improve some properties of cementitious compounds and can be used as a partial replacement for cement, thus reducing clinker consumption. Sugarcane bagasse ash (CBCA) is an alternative to MCS as it is a residue from the sugar-alcohol industry that is rich in amorphous silica, which can lead to improvements in the properties of mortars and concretes. This study aims to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of cement by CBCA on the mechanical and physical properties of mortars. The ashes were collected at Decision, a manufacturer of artisanal cachaça, located in Sabinópolis-MG. Two ash samples were used, CBCA-M, ash submitted to the grinding procedure, and CBCA-MR, submitted to grinding and reburning. The grinding procedure was the same for the two samples and the reburning took place at a temperature of 600 oC for 3 hours. The pozzolanic activity of the ash was evaluated using the Pozzolanic Activity Index (IAP) test according to NBR 5752 (ABNT, 2014) and by the conductivity method proposed by Luxán et al (1989). Reference mortars were produced with 10% and 20% replacement (by volume) of cement by the two samples of CBCA to carry out the following tests: compressive strength (7, 28 and 91 days); tensile strength(28 days); immersion water absorption index. The results show that CBCA-M and CBCA-MR are non-pozzolanic materials, the addition of ash did not affect the tensile strength of the mortars and, for compressive strength, the mortars with 10% CBCA-MR had similar performance to the reference. As for the absorption index, the addition of ash with a coarser particle size than cement produced mortars with greater porosity open to water.

The energy consumption by the world built park corresponds to almost 50% of all the energy demanded. In Brazil, this value exceeds the world average. Half of this demand is consumed by residential buildings. Likewise, a forecast of an increase in electricity demand and supply for the coming years as well as the continuous growth of the national housing deficit are expected. In addition to this, the growth of the energy consumption  produced by air conditioning devices to amend the increased discomfort caused by climate change and heat island phenomena is also observed. In view of this, the present research objective was to identify and analyze constructive strategies applied to existing residential buildings, which can improve their energy efficiency considering the room air conditioning systems. For this purpose, computer simulation was carried out to ascertain the energy performance considering a housing complex located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. Thereafter, the results of  passive strategies adoption related to the bioclimatic architecture in those buildings were evaluated, in a complementary character. As a result, it was identified that the combination of shading strategies and shutter as well as lighten the facade color was the solution that showed the greatest reduction in the room operative temperature of the buildings, reaching reductions of up to 2,94°C.The reduction in operating temperature is directly linked to the reduction of thermal discomfort experienced by building users and the need for air conditioning in the environments. Thus, the use of bioclimatic strategies can reduce the use of air conditioners and the consequent energy consumption. This research contributed to identify strategies that can be applied in MCMV buildings and reduce the environmental impact of these constructions.

The lean construction tools aims to rationalize the use of materials and make the most of available labor, avoiding waste and activities that do not add value to the product. However, it is noteworthy the lack of studies that quantitatively evaluate the results obtained by lean construction tools, allowing its statistical or economic categorization. In order to quantitatively evaluate the benefits obtained by the implementation of lean construction tools in single-family residential housing by the execution of certain activities of construction, this work analyzed the productivity indexes, the range in inputs consumption and the residues generation resulting by the execution of two identical housing units (the first executed by traditional metodology and the second after lean construction tools training). Therefore, the following lean construction tools were applied: quality management system, adoption of visual resources and last system planner. The productivity evaluation, inputs consumption and waste generation was carried out on the following activities: forms, masonry elevation, steel frame, internal and external roughcast, internal and external cement plastering, wall and floor cladding laying. Based on the collected data, statistical tests were performed, such as variance analysis and mean difference tests to assess whether there was a statistically significant difference between the activities evaluated. It was observed through data evaluation that the adoption of lean construction tools generated a statistically significant increase in production efficiency for the evaluated activities, presenting like the best results: 51.86% and 42.47% increase in productivity indices for the activities of external roughcast and steel frame, respectively. It is noteworthy that only for the activity of floor cladding laying there was no statistically proven improvement. On the other hand, the lean construction tools adoption helped to reduce the consumption of inputs in activities and there was a reduction of 5.71% in the waste generated volume for the houses construction.

The addition of graphene oxide (GO) in cementitious materials allows to obtain more resistant and durable composites, with less pollutant load associated with their production. Previous research has shown that the addition of nanomaterials to the cement paste can cause an increase in rheological parameters such as plastic viscosity and yield stress. This study aimed to investigate the rheological behavior, thermal profile in hydration and mechanical properties of cement pastes with the addition of GO. In order to fulfill this objective, tests were carried out with GO produced and patented at CTNano / UFMG (Technology Center for Nanomaterials and Graphene at the Federal University of Minas Gerais) in the contents of 0.03% and 0.05%, on cement pastes classe CP-III-40-RS. Two methods of analysis of rheological behavior were used, the mini-slump and the rotational flow rheometry. In the mini-slump test, reductions in the spreading radius of 20.88% (0.03% GO) and 42.94% (0.05% GO) were obtained. In the rotational flow rheometry, increases in plastic viscosity of 60.78% (0.03% GO) and 125.49% (0.05% GO) were obtained, and in the yield stress of 49.77% (0.03% GO) and 82.24% (0.05% GO). In the calorimetry test, increases were observed in the maximum temperature and in the initial hydration heat of the cement pastes due to the addition of GO, which indicates that this nanomaterial alters the kinetics of the cement hydration reaction. In the three-point flexion test, the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method was used to correlate the deformation stages of the specimens, obtaining the load versus vertical displacement curves. The addition content of 0.05% GO produced the best results in three of the four mechanical properties and fracture parameters analyzed. For this content, at 28 days, increases in modulus of elasticity, tensile strength in flexion and fracture toughness of 19.40%, 16.86%, 27.37%, respectively, were obtained. For the addition content of 0.03% GO, an increase in fracture energy of 397.37% was obtained at 28 days. Given these results, it can be inferred that GO has the potential to be applied in civil construction, aiming at improving the mechanical properties and fracture parameters of cement pastes.

Good operation and maintenance (O&M) practices have become increasingly important in the management of photovoltaic systems, however, there is a technical gap and also a gap of knowledgeability in the analysis of this issue. The photovoltaic technology, currently dominated by the use of crystalline silicon cells, stands out for the possibility of distributed generation, in which the consumer can generate energy for his own consumption and also inject it into the electrical grid. Such systems need, however, deeper analysis of feasibility and training of qualified labor, especially for O&M activities. In view of this, this work proposes guidelines for structuring O&M activities of photovoltaic systems connected to the grid, capable of helping to increase the efficiency and useful life of the systems, as well as their economic gains. As theoretical reference, the proposal has a broad review of previous studies to identify the state of the art on the subject. This basis allowed the elaboration of schematic details of O&M activities, allowing a better understanding of procedures and periodicity of actions. To identify multiple factors that interfere in the management of photovoltaic systems connected to the grid, the PV plants of the Federal Institute of Minas Gerais - IFMG were defined as objects of analysis, in which analysis of generation and incidents of failures and O&M activities were performed. In the sequence, procedures were developed for qualitative thermographic inspection of PV modules, for measurement of electrical parameters by the IV curve and for cleaning of photovoltaic systems connected to the grid, as well as, field activities, for validation of procedures. Finally, considering the inexistence of a structured plan to perform O&M in the researched plants, as well as, the incidence of failures, the absence of cleaning of PV modules and the deficiencies in the infrastructure, among others, it is evident the real importance of consolidating an O&M method in grid-connected photovoltaic systems. In this context, this work seeks to contribute through the formulation of O&M guidelines, which may serve as a base for the planning of activities and implementation of preventive and corrective maintenance actions, thus helping to increase energy efficiency and the useful life of the systems, which will make it possible to achieve the expected economic gains.

The facade cladding system (SVVE) play an important role in building thermal changes when its coverage is not relevant. Thus, the building thermal properties improvement as well as new and alternative materials, can also be a major factor in its thermal performance level achieved. Alkali-activated cements can optimize concrete thermophysical properties. In this context, the purpose of this work is to analyze and compare the thermal performance of alkali-activated cement board (PCAA), produced from porcelain tile waste, versus Portland cement panel (PCP). Thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, solar absorptivity and bulk density will be measure on samples, for characterization of these plates. The material data will be used as input to simulate a Light Steel Framing building model, through Energy Plus software. The human thermal comfort conditions provided by this panels (PCAA and PCP), will be analyzed in a naturally ventilated dwelling under four different climatic conditions. Statistical tests will be carry out to verify which plate provides more thermal comfort hours to its occupants according to ASHRAE Standard 55/2017. The influence of thermophysical property and climate will also be evaluated. As a contribution, the authors expect to validated feasibility of using PCAAs as substitutes for conventional PCPs by comfort and thermal performance analyzes.

The poor management of water resources combined with growth in water demand and climate change are impacting factors in the flow regime of rivers, directly interfering with the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems and hindering the development of local economic activities. In this context, studies on ecological flow (flow magnitude) have been developed around the world since the 1970s and in recent years this approach has evolved to the determination of an ecological regime (environmental hydrogram) with all its components. There are more than 200 methodologies related to the subject in the world, and in Brazil the legislation determines the application of the simplest methods (hydrologic approach) for granting water. Recent studies in Brazil apply more complex methods of determining ecological flow and even ecological regime, but do not propose an adaptive approach that takes into account the particularities of low availability of ecological data in comparison to the ample biodiversity of tropical areas and scarcity of financial resources of countries normally located in these areas. Thus, this work sought to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the main methods and studies of regime of ecological flow applied in tropical regions with low availability of ecological data compared to local biodiversity and scarce financial resources? (2) When did these studies start and what are the main considerations of these studies in relation to the application of the methodology by water resource management bodies? (3) What are the main altered rates of the flow regime of a stretch of river without the presence of dams? (4) Is there a correlation of the hydrologic alteration indices of the river flow regime chosen for the study with parameters indicative of climate change and anthropic alteration? (5) Which species of fish would have the availability of physical habitat most impacted by anthropic or climatic actions on the flow regime? (6) What are the implications on the availability of habitats in the scenarios related to anthropic and/or climatic actions on the flow regime of a river? (7) What is the most appropriate multi-criteria method for determining an environmental hydrogram in tropical regions that considers ecological, economic and social criteria and has practicality of application by water use regulatory agencies? For the development of the work, a systematic bibliographic research on the subject was carried out and a stretch of the Preto River, a tributary of the Paraíba do Sul River, was chosen, where the following stages were accomplished: (1) characterization of the study area, (2) collection of information in the field, (3) application of methods to approach the range of variability (RVA) and linear correlation between climatic and anthropic variables with the flow regime, (4) hydrodynamic modeling of the stretch with application of habitat simulation of the main Neotropical fish species (PHABSIM) and (5) development and application of new methodology for ecological flow regime. For the development of the work, a systematic bibliographical research on the subject was carried out and a stretch of the Preto River, a tributary of the Paraíba do Sul River, was chosen, where the following stages were accomplished: (1) characterization of the study area, (2) collection of information in the field, (3) application of methods to approach the range of variability (in English RVA) and linear correlation between climatic and anthropic variables with the flow regime, (4) hydrodynamic modeling of the stretch with application of habitat simulation of the main Neotropical fish species (in English PHABSIM) and (5) development and application of new methodology for ecological flow regime. As results, the flow regime in the studied area presented IHA with high change in four river components (magnitude, frequency, duration and rate of variation) over time. By relating the changes found in the flow regime with anthropic and climatic metrics, it was shown a strong correlation, in the most current period, of local flows with changes in the behavior of the Atlantic Ocean (climatic change) and with changes in the number of cattle in the region (anthropic change). These results implied a decrease of approximately 40% in surface discharge due to the effects of livestock and 10% due to global climate change. When simulated, using the PHABSIM method, these changes in the flow for the developed aptitude curves of the 6 local species found with greater abundance, indicated that the species of Brycon opalinus and Astyanax intermedius require greater attention in scenarios of greater impairment of the amount of water due to anthropic activities and climate change. The minimum flows established by Brazilian legislation generate an area of available physical habitat quite different among themselves, especially when considering different scenarios of anthropic and climatic impact. With all these variables found that are related to the environmental flow regime, the ARVE methodology was then developed and in applying it, consistent results were achieved that indicate that the proposed multi-criteria model correctly responds to the proposed environmental, economic and social criteria and that it can be used by water managers in order to simulate existing or even future scenarios. In general, it is concluded that the flow regime in tropical headwaters rivers is highly altered by human activity and is still intensified by climate change, and that these changes can be simulated to verify and better manage the flow regime of watercourses. It is suggested for future research to consider other anthropic (economic and social) and climatic variables that impact the dynamics of rivers. In general, the proposal of a new method for determining the ecological regime, which considers environmental, economic and social variables, helps policies for managing the water resources of tropical areas located in places with low availability of ecological data and low financial incentive.

Studies related to thermal comfort has as objective to evaluate if an environment is thermally adequate to the activities and the occupation for the users. This research will evaluate the thermal comfort conditions for users of a student accommodation located in Belo Horizonte and the thermal performance of the building envelope. In order to carry out this evaluation, a naturally ventilated room will be analyzed, which has the most unfavorable situation regarding thermal comfort when compared to other rooms. The answers to the questionnaires and the environmental variables will be collected simultaneously in the month of October. The methodology for assessing thermal comfort is developed in three approaches: (1) evaluation based on the adaptive model of ASHRAE 55 (ASHRAE, 2010); (2) evaluation of users' perception and preference through the application of questionnaires, simultaneously to the collection of environmental variables and (3) evaluation based on the static model using the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatified) of ISO 7730 (2005). In relation to the evaluation of the thermal performance of the envelope, the methodology is subdivided into two parts: (1) analysis according to parameters of NBR 15220 (ABNT, 2003) and (2) computer simulation using EnergyPlus software. After data collection, in relation to the thermal comfort analysis, it will be possible to compare the results of the static and adaptive models with the results obtained through the application of the questionnaires, aiming to contribute to the study of the applicability of these models. Regarding the thermal performance of the building, if it is unsatisfactory, alternatives will be proposed for solar orientation, materials used in the envelope and shading of the openings. The alternatives will be guided by the recommendations of NBR 15220 (ABNT 2003) for the bioclimatic zone 3, in which Belo Horizonte fits. The thermal performance evaluated in the computer simulation will be analyzed by means of the hourly data obtained for the operative temperature in one of the rooms, within the 90% acceptance range defined in ASHRAE 55 (ASHRAE, 2010). Thus, this work intends to contribute to the expansion of studies on thermal comfort and performance and disseminate strategies that help the elaboration of projects that contribute to thermally acceptable environments in Belo Horizonte or in cities with similar climatic conditions.

Steel structures are generally designed for industrial and commercial buildings, since they have high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent ductility. Such a constructive system has high slenderness ratio and lightness, and, therefore, it is necessary its structural verification considering dynamic actions and second order effects. During the design phase, analyzes are performed to obtain the structure responses and to design structural elements. Through computer programs, results more consistent with the real behavior of the structures have been obtained. These software programs using advanced analysis methods are able to consider simultaneously different causes for the nonlinear behavior of the structure as well as different types of loading, resulting in a less conservative design. In the case of structures subjected to dynamic loads, these analysis techniques become even more necessary, since the internal forces can cause permanent deformations and localized damage to the structure. The objective of this research is to present a study of the dynamic behavior of plane steel frames,  through time-domain integration, considering the physical and geometric nonlinearities. In order to solve the nonlinear transient equations, it will be implemented in the PPLANLEP program the Newmark's implicit time integration method combined with the Newton Raphson technique. Numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method in obtaining the nonlinear dynamic behavior of steel structures.

Water distribution networks are built to constantly supply sufficient water to users with acceptable pressure and quality in the most economical way possible. However, there are water losses through leaks in urban water distribution networks. Thus, an efficient and effective water loss control is a priority to improve the supply of drinking water. In this context there are several ways to detect and analyze the various types of leaks. Among the main methods of detection are mass and volume balance, acoustics, and geophysical methods, which have been gaining strength as a way of assisting decision making in connection with engineering. Among the geophysical methods, the electrical resistivity technique is widely used, due to its simple physical principle and efficient data acquisition. Thus, the objective of this work is to detect leaks in a treated water pipe located in the city of Nova Lima, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using the electrical resistivity method. To do so, we intend to compare the technique of electrical tomography with an adaptation to the technique proposed by other authors.

Disaster is defined as the result of adverse events on a vulnerable scenario, causing serious disruption to the functioning of a society with human, material, economic or environmental losses or damages. The Civil Defense is the set of actions of prevention and of relief, assistance and reconstructive, determined to avoid or to minimize these disasters. In the city of Belo Horizonte, the Civil Defense performs these actions of prevention and relief during visits to the places of occurrences received by the organ. The occurrences are classified during the first service seeking a prioritization for allocation of teams that will carry out the visits. The classifications are qualitative and based on the opinion of each attendant who performs them. With this, it can present different values, depending on the experience, training, personal beliefs or culture of each professional. The present work aimed at the construction of a model, based on the Multicriteria Methodology of Decision Support - Constructivist (MCDA - C), which provided the Civil Defense of Belo Horizonte with a quantitative and less subjective evaluation of the occurrence call. This measurable evaluation based on defined criteria allows a comparison between calls and thus, a better prioritization of care. The model was elaborated considering some peculiarities of the type of evaluation, such as the fact that different occurrences present different types and quantities of information. The developed model was tested in cases received by Civil Defense in order to prove its applicability and the ability to make assertive prioritizations feasible.

The high thermal loads, often present in large cities of tropical climate, can expose their inhabitants, and especially users of its open spaces, to possible thermal discomfort. To assess the levels of comfort and thermal discomfort, several aspects must be considered: weather (microclimate), termofisiológicos (thermoregulation of the human body) and psychosocial/cultural (background). The integrated effect of these variables is evaluated by means of thermal comfort indices calibrated to the local population. Various thermal indices are found in State of the art and their aim is to establish calibrated ranges of comfort and discomfort for acclimated subjects. In 2001, the Commission 6 of ISB of the international society of Biometeorology (ISB) developed the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), which evaluates the external thermal conditions through the thermoregulation response of the human body seeking a universal application of this index to all kinds of weather, and indifferent to personal characteristics of individuals. In this context, the objective of the present study is to calibrate the UTCI for urban spaces to Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais-Brazil, a town characterized by a tropical climate with dry and cold winters and wet and warm summers. For this purpose, field studies will be carried out in two squares of Belo Horizonte, between June and November 2018, for collection of the following variables: climatic variables: air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity (RH), speed the air and solar radiation, obtained by means of measurements in the field; personal variables; and subjective responses related to perception, evaluation and preference of the thermal sensation, obtained through the application of questionnaires, developed on the basis of the principles established by ISO 10551 (1995). Ordinal logistic regression will be used to handle statistically the data collected. As a result, we expect to achieve the bands of UTCI regarding thermal comfort and discomfort to inhabitants of the city of Belo Horizonte.  These results may provide a better understanding of the users ' experience in open spaces and also can subsidize decision-making related to urban planning strategies.

The manufacturing industry has a particular aspects in terms of residues generation, due to the greater complexity of its operations, from the extraction of the raw material to the manufacture of the final product, resulting in a great diversity of materials that can be reused in the own production process, marketed as byproducts or that, due to lack of knowledge of their properties, are erroneously discarded. In this context, the steel industry presents itself as a potential developer of solutions to the management problems of its wide range of residues, with the challenge to create alternatives to the use of sub-used materials, which are currently deposited in landfills, in applications that add value to your product in a sustainable way. This work aimed to identify the residues that presented the characteristics with greater affinity of use as supplementary cementitious materials, in the production of cements, mortars and concretes, when combined, such as granulated slag and flue dust; materials from the pig iron manufacturing process generated in the coal-fired blast furnace system located in the industrial plant of ArcelorMittal in João Monlevade - MG. The studies were conducted in order to analyze their physico-chemical properties, the establishment of mixtures and the performance of resistance tests, evaluating the real possibilities of using them in a safe and viable way in the civil construction sector. As result, it was possible to obtain concretes with average compressive strength, at 28 days, in the range of 25.88 MPa to 29.38 MPa and with maximum compressive strength, at 28 days, in the range of 38.90 MPa to 44, 90 MPa. In this way, the research proved to be feasible the combination of these residues, used as additions in the formulation of pozzolanic mixtures for the production of cements and concretes.

Traditionally, in structural analysis the hypothesis of indeslocables is used because of its simplicity. However, the conventional design in which the supports work independently of the response of the soil deformability to the loads transmitted by the foundation can lead to physical results incompatible with reality. With the development of microcomputers and computer programs, it is possible to carry out more realistic analyzes, which take into account the deformability of the soil next to the foundations. The main objectives of the present work are to analyze the influence of the consideration of soil-structure interaction (ISE) on the elements of steel structures when analyzing geometric non-linearity and to evaluate the difference between the types of soil survey methods in the analysis, which can be considered by the substitution of the ground by elastic supports, also known as springs or by the modeling of a continuous medium in finite elements. The spring models adopted are based on the Winkler and Pasternak theories and considering the Continuous Spring Mesh. The analyzes are performed with the help of SAP2000 commercial software. Modeling of flat porticoes considering conventional supports and models that take into account soil-structure interaction are addressed. It is made the analysis of three porches with the same characteristics, but with the number of different pavements showing the influence of the height increase and rigidity of the building in the ISE results. It is demonstrated that the consideration of the effects of soil-structure interaction on the structural analysis of buildings can have a significant influence on the distribution of the requesting forces, the displacements and the behavior of the structure, so that the resistant capacity of a structural system can be affected by type of support adopted and, varying the type of modeling for the consideration of the soil deformation, that is, the use of more simplified models in comparison with more elaborated models, also alter the results of the structural analysis.

Concrete repairing is a complex task that requires a special knowledge of technical building regulations and standards, deterioration mechanism and diagnosis, repair principles and methods, repair materials, execution of repair works, inspections, monitoring and maintenance. So far, most used patch repair mortars fall into two categories, (i) the mortars based on inorganic binders (Portland cement, PC) and (ii) those based on organic binders (polymers). Recent investigations reveal a third category of mortars with high potential to be used in the field of concrete repair, i.e. the alkali-activated based mortars. Alkali-activated materials (AAM) have been widely promoted as a greener binder for sustainable constructions. These binders can be generated from a wide range of aluminosilicate materials under alkaline conditions to produce a hardened component. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the compatibility and the adhesion between a fiber-reinforced alkali-activated mortar and a concrete substrate. Different formulations of AAM were initially studied, based on the alkaline activation of metakaolin (MK) and blast furnace slag (BFS); their mechanical properties and modulus of elasticity were assessed.
Five formulations were selected after this preliminary evaluation in order to produce the repair mortar and to apply onto concrete substrates. A volume fraction of 0.25% of PP fiber was used to mitigate the early-age shrinkage and to increase the adhesion bond of the repair mortar with the
concrete substrate. The bond strength was evaluated by pull-off testing.
The crack and delamination behaviour were assessed by four-point bending tests. Physical properties were also investigated: water absorption, apparent porosity and apparent density. Results showed a good compatibility and adhesion between alkali-activated repair mortars and the PC substrate.
Satisfactory bond strengths were found meeting the required by the structure repair standard BS EN 1504. The delamination issue was observed only in 100 % MK-based mortars and the crack propagation behaviour was typical from brittle materials and can be improved with the fiber reinforcement. The formulation 80MK-20BFS designed with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio 3.0 and fiber-reinforced was selected as the most promising one to structural repair proposes.

The use of recycled aggregates in Brazil is limited, being restricted to non-structural functions. The large heterogeneity of the construction and demolition waste (CDW) makes it difficult to systematically use these residues in structural concrete, despite the fact that this application already occurs in several countries, supported by technical standards.
Thus, the present dissertation proposes to analyze the effects of replacements (25, 50 and 100%) of natural aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregates of construction and demolition (three different types) in structural concrete. The mechanical haracteristics and durability of these new concretes are measured. In view of the heterogeneity of the CDW composition, a methodology for separation and cleaning of the  cycled aggregates is presented. The natural aggregates and the three types of residues were characterized and the lower quality - for the production of structural concretes - of the CDW in relation to the NA was confirmed, being the recycled aggregate of higher quality the CRA followed by the MRA and RRA. The CDW present smaller masses, higher water absorption, higher void volumes and lower abrasion resistance, in relation to natural aggregates. With the recycled concrete specimens ready, the following tests were carried out: Slump; Compressive strength; Static modulus of elasticity; Tensile strength by diametrical compression; Water absorption
by immersion; Electrical resistivity test of concrete; Accelerated carbonation test. In general, the use of CDW affects the characteristics of the concrete. Workability, compressive strength, void index, water absorption and modulus of elasticity are parameters negatively affected by the addition of CDW. The resistance to the advance of the carbonation front is an improved feature with the use of recycled aggregates. Regarding the existence of diametrical compression traction, the use of RCD did not
affect this parameter.

A aderência entre aço-concreto é a propriedade que garante viabilidade das estruturas de concreto armado, impedindo que as barras de aço deslizem no interior do concreto. A avaliação da aderência é realizada por meio de ensaios mecânicos, sendo o Ensaio de arrancamento o mais utilizado em estudos sobre a aderência. A geometria do corpo de prova (CP) do ensaio de arrancamento é um parâmetro em destaque na literatura, já que estudos indicam melhorias na distribuição de tensões no interior do corpo de prova com geometria cilíndrica. No que diz respeito ao diâmetro das barras, poucos estudos avaliam o fenômeno considerando apenas as barras finas de aço, que apresentam destaque na construção civil. Dessa forma, este trabalho avaliou a aderência entre barras finas de aço CA-50 (6.3, 8 e 10 mm) e concreto C30. Foi adotado o ensaio de arrancamento, utilizando corpos de prova cúbicos e cilíndricos com comprimentos de ancoragem das barras iguais a 10ϕ.

As tensões de aderência obtidas foram superiores para a geometria cilíndrica, apresentaram baixa variabilidade. Além disso, o teste estatístico comprovou a influência da geometria do molde sobre os resultados do ensaio de arrancamento. Porém, as barras de aço com diâmetro de 6,3 mm apresentaram comportamento distinto aos demais diâmetros. O cálculo do parâmetro do coeficiente de conformação superficial, a partir de dados de ensaio, apontou um ganho de desempenho de aderência para as barras estudadas, já que o valor obtido foi superior ao prescrito pela norma ABNT NBR 7480 (2007).

As patologias existentes em estruturas envelhecidas de concreto armado requerem a execução de intervenções, que variam desde um reparo superficial a um reforço mais complexo.  As argamassas álcali-ativadas têm sido recentemente estudadas na execução de reparos estruturais como materiais alternativos aos constituídos por cimento Portland e por resinas poliméricas. Tal utilização justifica-se pelo fato de as argamassas álcali-ativadas apresentarem desempenho satisfatório, podendo ser superior ao dos materiais convencionais. Há ainda uma motivação adicional ao desenvolvimento desses materiais, que alia o desempenho satisfatório ao interesse no desenvolvimento de aglomerantes com baixa emissão de CO₂ e de consumo energético. Este trabalho avaliou o desempenho de 21 diferentes formulações preliminares de argamassas ativadas alcalinamente, compostas por metacaulinita e escória de alto forno. A trabalhabilidade das argamassas foi fixada para todas as formulações, por ser considerada uma característica fundamental para a aplicabilidade e para a utilização proposta. Após a avaliação do comportamento mecânico das formulações preliminares, através do qual foi considerada a compatibilização entre as argamassas e o substrato composto por concreto de cimento Portland, foram selecionadas 5 formulações. Para as quais foi avaliado o efeito da adição de 0,25% de fibras de polipropileno com 6 mm de comprimento. As formulações selecionadas, com e sem a adição de fibras, foram aplicadas sobre substratos de concreto. Os painéis constituídos por concreto e argamassa foram então avaliados por meio de registros digitais de imagens, os quais foram utilizados na mensuração da ocorrência de fissuras provenientes da retração com restrição. Tais painéis foram também, posteriormente, submetidos à avaliação da aderência. Observou-se que a adição de 0,25% de fibras não foi eficiente no combate à retração nas primeiras idades. Além disso, constatou-se que a substituição de 20% de metacaulim por escória contribuiu para a redução do número de fissuras e também do comprimento de fissuras. Contudo, as argamassas com os maiores teores de escória avaliados não apresentaram desempenho satisfatório para as variáveis analisadas.

Concrete has high compressive strength and durability, but its ductility is low, which makes it a brittle material with little capacity for energy absorption, or toughness. In this sense, research with fibers incorporated in concrete has been directed with the objective of adding toughness. In cement-based composites, the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is one in which the first cracks arise which, when propagated, lead to a material failure. The performance of fiber reinforced cement-based composites depends on stress transfer process efficiency to fibrous reinforcement, in order to guarantee the assembly operation. Among the determinants of this efficiency is the quality of cementitious matrix that is given by its density, that is, as interface between materials becomes dense, the adhesion between these components increases. Mineral additions have been incorporated into cement matrixes with two fundamental objectives: to give a sustainable destination to agroindustrial waste and to improve cement-based composites properties. Rice husk ash (RHA), which is produced by burning rice hulls for energy generation purposes, has a high content of amorphous silica, which gives it high potential for its pozzolanic activity. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of steel fibers and RHA in concretes whose formulation is used in railway lines production. For this, characterization tests of fresh and hardened concrete currently used in production were carried out, four-point flexural tests on the fiber-reinforced concretes in the percentages of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% with and without RHA and single fiber pullout tests in propositions with and without RHA. The results showed gains in load peaks, residual resistance post-cracking and toughness. Use of RHA proved to be effective and is a good alternative for increasing the properties of reinforced concrete with steel fibers.

Operational Modal Analysis is a methodology widely used in order to identify structural modal parameters without interrupting its use. In civil structures, this methodology is used along with a finite element model, which allows structural health monitoring, and damage detection besides of determination of how existent pathology affects structural performance.

In the present work, the Montese Avenue’s viaduct Operational modal analysis is presented. Acceleration was measured in 16 points over superstructure in three orthogonal directions in a 50Hz sampling rate resulting in a 40 hours of measured data. It was employed SSI-COV algorithm in order to identify structure’s natural frequencies. A finite element model of the structure was developed to be calibrated with the frequencies resultants of the modal analysis. This model is going to be tested with a simulation of a static load test, which was performed in the viaduct before traffic liberation.

Both models calibration’s was successfully done. Errors in frequencies are small for several modes, but some modes presented frequencies errors above 10%. Despite static load test simulation results diverge from structural response, we considered model behavior improvement satisfactory due to input data quality.

A aderência aço-concreto é um mecanismo de interação que possibilita a transferência de esforços das barras de aço para o concreto. Ela se mostra como uma das propriedades fundamentais em elementos de concreto armado. Para avaliação da aderência aço-concreto, verificou-se, na literatura, que os ensaios mais utilizados são: ensaios de arrancamento, ensaios de vigas rotuladas e ensaios de barras confinadas. Estudos anteriores apontam que o ensaio de barras confinadas mostra-se inadequado para barras finas de aço e que o ensaio de vigas rotuladas apresenta difícil execução. Já o ensaio de arrancamento mostra-se como o mais simples e utilizado dos métodos para estudo do comportamento da aderência. No entanto, existem poucas pesquisas que adotaram os ensaios de arrancamento para barras finas de aço (diâmetros de até 10,0 mm), que são normalmente utilizadas na construção civil, devido ao emprego cada vez maior do concreto de alta resistência e de elementos esbeltos. A norma brasileira ABNT-NBR 7480 (2007) requer um ensaio de aderência para controle de qualidade das barras. Portanto, atualmente há uma preocupação com os resultados dos ensaios para avaliar a aderência açoconcreto, principalmente para barras finas de aço. Dessa forma, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi o estudo da aderência entre barras nervuradas finas (6,3 mm, 8,0 mm e 10,0 mm) e concretos convencional e de alta resistência (30 MPa e 60 MPa). Procurou-se, com esta pesquisa, contribuir para compreender melhor o comportamento da aderência aço-concreto para barras finas de aço e fornecer informações importantes para a definição de padrões futuros para ensaios de aderência. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios de arrancamento de acordo com a EN:10080 (2005), adotando-se um comprimento de ancoragem modificado de 10 vezes o diâmetro da barra. Os resultados dos ensaios indicaram que, para barras finas, o diâmetro da barra não teria influência na tensão última de aderência e que esta aumentaria com o aumento da resistência à compressão do concreto. Quanto ao comprimento de ancoragem adotado, são necessários mais ensaios para conclusões a respeito desse parâmetro. Em relação ao coeficiente de conformação superficial (η), os resultados apontaram valores próximos, independente do diâmetro ou da classe de concreto.

A considerable part of the users of open urban spaces in main cities are exposed to high noise levels, which can negatively affect the health and the quality of life of the population. To reach a satisfactory level of acoustic comfort in urban spaces, besides compliance with technical standards and relevant legislation, evaluations of the sound environment, taking into account the context and the human perception, are also parameters that should be considered. The sound environment that is perceived by an individual in a given context is called soundscape. The perception of environmental sounds can vary between individuals, resulting uncomfortable for some and a pleasant sound for others. The aim of this work is to study the soundscape through the analysis of the perception of the users of the Américo Renné Giannetti Municipal Park in Belo Horizonte, as well as students of architecture and urbanism who have studied the acoustics discipline to define criteria for the evaluation of the acoustic comfort of the space. To this end, acoustic and microclimatic measurements were taken, as well as interviews with the use of forms addressed to users of the space, and questionnaires intended for students, to be answered at different sampling points within the park. This data was later analyzed and treated generating layers of information. As results, it is expected to analyze the perception of the park's soundscape, comparing the user's responses also in each of the stations. The collected data can be mapped, presenting graphically the points of highest sound quality and the most degraded points acoustically, putting in evidence the perception of the sound environment in the park, which may be useful for the elaboration of guidelines aimed at improving the sound quality in this urban space.

The implementation of quality management systems certified according to the ISO 9001: 2008 standard together with the Brazilian Program for Quality and Productivity in Habitat (PBQP-H) are the most commonly used tools used by construction companies to manage quality. The latest revision of the ISO 9001 standard that guides the deployments was published in the year 2015. The introduction of new processes to be integrated in the already existing systems, as well as the loss of the validity of the certifications in September 2018, generated that the construction companies initiated roadmaps of implementation of these new procedures. During the follow-up of the implementation roadmaps, there are aspects that may facilitate or hinder the incorporation of the new procedures in the quality management systems still in force within the companies of the sector such as the motivations that drive the system upgrade, and the critical success factors. Few studies in recent years study these aspects exclusively for the Brazilian construction industry. This paper aims at evaluating the motivations, understanding of the standard by companies and the critical success factors or barriers that may occur during the process of implementing the new requirements introduced in ISO 9001: 2015. In response to these objectives, this research intends to describe these aspects using a questionnaire as a means of collecting data. It is hoped that this research will find the motivations that drive companies to adopt the new processes included in the last revision of the standard published in the year 2015, the relation of the type of motivation, and the degree of difficulty that companies have to implement the new processes and critical success factors or barriers that may hinder or facilitate the implementation process.

The construction industry is currently suffering from low productivity, resulting a deficiency to service basic infrastructure development, of which the country relies upon for economic growth. Studies have found that technologic innovation is needed as one of the basic cornerstones for sustainable growth and productivity. The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the construction industry has emerged as one of the main tools for responding to this technologic innovation need, bringing the construction process as well as the whole building live-cycle into the age of integrated information. Another technology that has shown great success is Computer Vision (CV) applied to BIM in order to digitally reproduce in real-time the construction progress and state. Facilities Management (FM) represents a crucial element of the industry that has not seen the application of these two technologies in conjunction in the same way they have been applied in other industry segments. This work has the objective of studying the viability of integrating VC with BIM for capturing, processing and visualizing data to facilitate the operation and decision-making processes of FM. This is achieved through data gathering about various CV techniques that can be used in conjunction with BIM for FM. The data gathering consists of researching existing academic literature, as well as operational reports and conducting interviews with industry professionals. The collected data is subsequently classified and graphically mapped in a coherent conceptual structure, and this resulting structure is validated once more with industry experts. This validated structure is used to produce a conceptual framework and it is applied to the creation of a prototype of the technology which will be used for test cases against security camera datasets, the results of which will be validated with the industry once again. It can be proven that the developed technology is a viable alternative to facilitate a more efficient FM, which at the same time reuses security cameras without the addition of sensors or the increase in costs typically associated with traditional data gathering and sensing systems. 

The Brazil’s construction area is in a period of significant transformations driven by the entry into force of ABNT NBR 15575: 2013 “Residential Construction Performance”, in July 2013. This standard aims to evaluate the performance of buildings through requirements, criteria and evaluation methods. One of these requirements is the durability of external vertical sealing system (SVVE) evaluated by a heat action and thermal shock test, presented in Annex E of ABNT NBR 15575-4: 2013. This test allows to verify the resistance of the wall to cycles with abrupt variation of temperature. Considering this scenario, this research proposes the development of the necessary equipment to test the behavior of the SVVE exposed to the heat action and thermal shock whose informations contained in the Annex E of the standard are very few detailed, as well as apply its to the durability avaliation of the SVVE. In this direction, the research sought to discuss and propose improvements to the equipment and experimental methods and procedures to performance tests based on bibliographic review and practical experience of the tests. Among the results achieved, the development of the equipment; the execution of the test with the fulfillment of the requirements specified in the performance standard, which provided a correct evaluation of the durability of the SVVE and the equipment developed and employed; the verification of compliance with the performance levels satisfactory for the SVVE tested; the critical evaluation and proposition of advances ABNT NBR 15575-4: 2013, limiting itself to the essay presented in this research.

Recently, many researches have been focusing on the study of the behavior of connections and their influence on structural stability and resistance. Those studies have led to the development of project tools for the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the connections, and some regulatory manuals already include analytical procedures that take into account the semi-rigid behavior of connections. The overall behavior of steel structures depends, among other factors, on the behavior of the connections, which in turn depends directly on their elements and their means of interaction, comprising: angles, plates, welds and bolts, as well as the geometric characteristics of the connected sections. Therefore, in order to allow for an appropriate and realistic choice of possible connections, it has become necessary to establish limits and intervals – based on parameters – for classifying each kind of connection considering its dimensions, helping, consequently, in the development of more reliable, secure and economical structural projects. Aiming at precise knowledge on what regards the behavior of connections, the present research focuses on developing a study on the classification systems of connections, acknowledging resistance, rigidity and flexibility, and to present a proposal for a classification system of connections for use in the design of structures. Limits for classification in terms of rigidity were established taking into account: the behavior of the structures in the ultimate and serviceability limits states and the limits for classification in terms of resistance taking into account the ultimate limit state. The validity of the proposed classification system was confirmed by the analysis of the global behavior of semi-rigid frames in numerical examples, using the program of Lavall (1996) adapted by Silva (2010), who performs the inelastic advanced analysis of steel structures. The classification system proved to be simpler and more accurate than the other existing classification systems.

In this work was analyzed the influence of soil under pile-cap on the response of an
reinforced concrete frame structure designed to support vibrating equipment, thus
under the action of dynamic excitations of large magnitude. The foundation of this
structure is composed of bore-role piles connected to the superstructure by a rigid pilecap.
For the evaluation of their structural response were considered numerical models
based on finite element method (FEM), adopting Winkler's model for the rheological
behavior of soil.
Specifically, was assessed the influence of pile stiffness and contribution of soil under
pile-cap. Notably was evaluated the displacements and pile reactions.
From the results obtained, it can be seen that the contribution of soil under pile-cap
was too small for the case study examined.There were not variations in the deformation, but in relation to pile reactions, variations suggest that for foundations with large number of piles, some savings can be achieved by considering the contribution of the soil.

O elevado consumo do cimento Portland tem gerado preocupações ambientais, relacionadas ao alto teor de CO2 liberado durante seu processo produtivo. Sendo assim, intensifica-se a busca por processos produtivos e materiais construtivos mais sustentáveis e de menor impacto ambiental. Neste contexto, crescem cada vez mais os estudos dos materiais álcali-ativados (MAA) como aglomerantes alternativos ao cimento Portland e, por consequência, as pesquisas para o desenvolvimento destes compósitos reforçados com a adição de fibras. Os MAA possuem grande potencial na construção civil, já que atendem aos requisitos de sustentabilidade e de durabilidade, apresentando resultados mecânicos compatíveis e, muitas vezes, superiores aos materiais provenientes do cimento Portland. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar os efeitos da variação da relação molar SiO2/Al2O3 na formulação de compósitos álcali-ativados com matriz de metacaulim reforçadas com fibras de PVA. As argamassas foram formuladas com razões molares SiO2/Al2O3 iguais a 3.0, 3.45 e 3.9, a partir da substituição gradual da matéria prima principal (metacaulim) por escória de alto forno, e reforçadas com fibras de PVA em 1% e 2% em volume. Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos de resistência à compressão, módulo de elasticidade e flexão em três pontos. Os índices físicos avaliados foram massa específica, absorção de água e porosidade aparente. Os resultados mostraram que a incorporação de escória no compósito causou grandes efeitos nas propriedades físicas testadas, comparadas à argamassa composta somente por metacaulim, enquanto que a variação da relação molar gerou efeitos perceptíveis nas propriedades mecânicas do material. Além disso, a incorporação de fibras de PVA e a variação do percentual de reforço influenciou expressivamente todas as propriedades pesquisadas.

A maioria dos resíduos provenientes do ciclo de vida das construções corresponde ao estágio da demolição, sendo crucial a sua quantificação para subsidiar um eficiente gerenciamento. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão sobre os modelos de quantificação de resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) a partir da literatura, em especial aos resíduos de demolição (RD). Foi identificado um atuante mercado secundário de materiais de demolição em Belo Horizonte, que configura uma “desconstrução rudimentar”. A pesquisa demonstrou que o licenciamento das demolições pela Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (PBH) estabelecida pelo Decreto municipal 13.842/2010 apresentam ativas características de fiscalização da atividade de demolição e de geração de receitas ao município, porém, permite ampla discussão quanto à sua efetividade na gestão dos RD. O uso de sistemas computacionais inteligentes como a tecnologia BIM (Building Information Modeling), que significa Modelagem de Informação da Construção, permite reflexões sobre o ambiente colaborativo, o compartilhamento das informações geradas e mantidas e os atuais processos da indústria da construção em todo ciclo de vida. A presente dissertação analisa a aplicação do BIM na quantificação volumétrica de RD, mais precisamente com a aplicação da ferramenta Quantity Take-off (QTO) do software Revit® 2017 - Autodesk, que corresponde a extração automática de quantidades de um projeto. O Revit® foi utilizado para a modelagem 3D das 13 edificações, objetos do estudo, sendo geradas as estimativas volumétricas de RD pelo programa, que foram comparadas com as estimativas de volumes reais de RD a partir da aplicação do método de visita indireto (MVI) e os volumes licenciados pela PBH. Inúmeras incertezas justificam as significativas diferenças verificadas entre as estimativas de volumes de RD geradas, ainda assim, os resultados demonstram que o QTO minimiza os erros advindos da extração de quantitativos tradicional baseados em projetos em 2D e proporciona inúmeros ganhos em produtividade, transparência e assertividade.

The behavior of the wind over the buildings follows the variables that change depending on the country, region, state and the constructive typologies. That’s why, the movement of air is one of the least understood behaviors and, therefore, represents major challenges in fluid dynamics, especially in environments where the buildings act as barriers to the external environment and the effect of the wind becomes the dominant form of the same buildings and the proximity of other constructions. Numerical simulation technique applied to the study of the effect of natural ventilation provides ways to quantify and qualify the air flow around the buildings, in addition to presenting detailed information about the disposal of air. The main objective of this research project is to propose a method of analysis of wind from the evaluation of their behavior in a micro urban environment, with geometric models and computational numerical simulations, the main scientific question: how the architectural concept is able to influence the movement of the wind within the built environment? To achieve the goals of the research, was created a methodology divided into: 1. Characterization of the object of study and data collection; 2. Generation of geometry; 3. The mesh generation; 4. Boundary conditions; 5. Equations for Computational Fluid Dynamics models. Preliminary results obtained reflect the behavior of a sector within the Unit II at CEFET-MG, attesting to the accuracy of the numerical simulation for the experimental data collected within the campus. These results serve as a basis for the simulation of Unit II complete. It is expected with the completion of the research, systematization of a method air drainage study for architectural analysis. 

Neste trabalho, um grupo de dispersões aquosas de poliuretanos a partir da mistura de dióis, polipropileno glicol (PPG) e policarbonato (PC) foi sintetizado. As propriedades mecânicas e estruturais dos filmes produzidos foram estudadas. A substituição parcial e total de PPG por PC influencia significativamente nas propriedades mecânicas dos filmes obtidos das dispersões aquosas de poliuretano, sendo que aqueles preparados a partir da mistura de polióis são superiores as dos polímeros preparados apenas com PPG’s. Foi observado que a inserção de até 75% em massa de policarbonato como diol resultou em poliuretanos mais dúcteis e resistentes, gerando materiais com propriedades mecânicas melhores. Os revestimentos foram aplicados na madeira e os corpos de prova tiveram suas propriedades de transparência e proteção, quando submetidos ao ensaio de envelhecimento frente à radiação UV, avaliados. Nas amostras de madeira revestidas com os diferentes vernizes poliuretânicos após a exposição à radiação UV por 15 e 30 dias, fica perceptível que aquelas revestidas com as formulações que contem maior teor de policarbonato, tiveram menor alteração na sua cor. Através de experimentos de envelhecimento acelerado e colorimetria foi sugerido que a presença de policarbonato interfere discretamente na degradação da madeira, já agindo como agente de proteção, porém a necessidade de melhorias fez com que fosse realizada a adição de cargas (oxihidróxido de nióbio). A adição de cargas ao PU 75 gerou filmes com melhor resistência a degradação UV.

A pasta de concreto infiltrada em fibras de aço (SIFCON), o concreto de ultra-alto desempenho (UHPC) do tipo pasta de concreto reforçada com fibras (SFRP) e o concreto reforçado com fibras (FRC) são materiais com propriedades mecânicas elevadas. As Adições minerais são utilizadas para melhorar as propriedades mecânicas do concreto, pois aperfeiçoam a área de transição interfacial matriz-fibra, por isso são acrescentadas em concreto de alto desempenho reforçado com fibras de aço (HPSFRC). Algumas pesquisas, como a de Batista (2016), avaliam a diminuição da quantidade de poros em diferentes idades, por conseguinte ganho de durabilidade e resistência, além de reduzir a permeabilidade da matriz com o uso da adição mineral de cinza de casca de arroz (RHA). As adições minerais de RHA em concretos e SIFCONs provaram melhorar a interface fibra-matriz do compósito e suas propriedades mecânicas. Com essa finalidade foram avaliados traços de diferentes matrizes de concreto, SFRP e SIFCON, com diferentes tamanhos de agregados, diferentes proporções de RHA e diferentes volumes de fibra além de serem ensaiados para diferentes idades. Além do mais, foram incorporados, nesta pesquisa, diferentes tipos de misturas e condições especiais de cura de corpos de prova. Considerou- se fatores água/cimento (a/c), ademais de matérias como: o cimento CPV, britas #1 do calcário e de gnaisse, areia média lavada de rio e diferentes tipos de fibras. Nessa sequência, realizou- se uma investigação experimental para avaliar a relação da porosidade e das propriedades de aderência da matriz com testes de: compressão e de tração por compressão diametral para concreto totalizando 64 cp’s cilíndricos (10x20cm), ensaios de compressão para a matriz da pasta sem fibras com 36 cp’s cúbicos (50 x 50x50mm), ensaios de compressão para SIFCON com 36 cp’s cúbicos (100x100 x100mm), ensaios de flexão de SFRP com 63 cp’s cúbicos (160x40x40mm), ensaios de flexão de SIFCON com 48 cp’s cúbicos (100x100x350mm) e ensaios pullout para SIFCON com 216 cp’s cilíndricos (59x60mm). Além de testes de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e de porosimetria por infiltração de mercúrio (MIP). Os resultados mostraram um desempenho superior das matrizes com adições RHA em quase todos os ensaios, isso devido ao adensamento da zona IMF e da diminuição da quantidade de poros, aumentando- se, assim, a resistência e a durabilidade do compósito.

The Civil Construction Industry has been seeking  new technologies for the concrete by using alternative materials and methods looking forward  to develop better technical characteristics in the latter and consequently in the performance of this material. This aim is mainly because of the high consumption of concrete that have been occurring in the latest years around the world. This situation makes possible that any little modification in the fabrication or use of concrete could represent a significant technical and scientific advance when the generated effect is measured in global terms. In this context, it is suitable to investigate the viability of the use of EPS beads as aggregate in concrete as a partial substitution of the conventional aggregate in hollow blocks for structural masonry with the aim of gain a reduction in the total weight of masonry structures and at the same time a reduction in the use of materials and more efficiency in the execution. This study is separated in two big phases; the first one of them was based in the determination of an adequate EPS amount and mix method for the concrete detonated to the fabrication of the blocks. To accomplish this duty there were made concrete cylindrical specimens using 12 different mixes, 3 different kind of polymeric additive and 3 different percentage of EPS, this specimens were submitted to density and compressive strength test at the age 7 and 28 days. There were made also prismatic specimens for the determination of the linear shrinkage. In the Phase II, the conventional and EPS concrete blocks were made using 15% of EPS beads in substitution of the conventional aggregate. The characterization of them was made by the following tests: dimensional analysis, water absorption, liquid area and compressive strength at the age of 7 and 28 days following the NBR 6136 standard. Finally it was made a comparative analysis between the two types of blocks that permitted concluded that from a technical point of view it is viable the use of EPS as aggregate in concrete blocks. This because of the fact that the EPS block achieve the standard requirements for the technical characteristics that were evaluated. Also, it seems that the EPS block could fill the NBR 6136 requirement for the linear shrinkage. The EPS block was classified as Type C for structural use, showing a reduction of 6,82 and 6,11% in the compressive and weight, respectively, in relation with the conventional one. 

The objective of this work is to perform the numerical characterization considering its modal parameters (frequencies, damping and modal shapes) of a 16-story concrete block masonry building. The experimental modal parameters of the structure were obtained from the data of the vibrations due to the operational actions observed in 53 pre set points with two hours of measurement each. The final numerical characterization was produced by adjusting the modal values of a numerical model based on the FEM to the values obtained in the experimental campaign. To confirm the technique, the procedure for obtaining the modal parameters was performed in a second tower similar to the first, considering 18 points and 1 hour each. The comparison of the results of the two towers indicated that the experimental modal parameters obtained approximated the real values. The definitive numerical model presented an acceptable average error for the representation of a structure in masonry.

A simulação numérica tridimensional no estudo de escamentos multifásicos utilizando a Dinâmica Computacional de Fluidos (CFD) é uma ferramenta importante para saber as características do escoamento em áreas de Usinas Hidrelétricas indicando a viabilidade do comportamento das espécies aquáticas existentes neste entorno. O Brasil é um dos países com o potencial hidrelétrico mais representativo no mundo, portanto, os empreendimentos hidrelétricos formam parte importante para geração de eletricidade no país. O objetivo deste trabalho é combinar informações de um modelo hidrodinâmico tridimensional com informações biológicas, coletadas através de telemetria acústica, gerando um modelo de previsão de comportamento das espécies de peixes no trecho a jusante da Usina Hidrelétrica de Três Marias, em relação as variáveis hidráulicas. Gerou-se uma malha computacional multifásica (ar-água), do tipo não ortogonal estruturada, de um trecho de três quilômetros do rio, junto com o canal de fuga da Usina. A análise de escoamentos com característica tridimensional do modelo matemático foi elaborada através do Método de Volumes Finitos, ferramenta que auxilia na solução das equações de Navier-Stokes em um computador. Para as análises de dados biológicos juntos com as variáveis hidráulicas, considerando duas espécies de peixes Prochilodus argentus (curimatã) e Pimelodus maculatus (mandi amarelo), observou-se que ambos peixes, tiveram diferentes preferências com respeito as variáveis hidráulicas, durante os meses de novembro e dezembro. Nesta investigação se propus entregar um método para a combinação de dados hidráulicos e biológicos, para o estudo comportamental dos peixes na área do Canal de Fuga da Usina de Três Marias, lugar onde existe um risco maior, possibilitando a mortalidade de peixes no rio. Compreender os padrões de movimentos das espécies, fornece recursos para reduzir os impactos à ictiofauna. Este modelo foi desenvolvido com várias limitações, porém, elas podem ser melhoradas e utilizadas para outras Usinas Hidrelétricas e estudando o comportamento de outras espécies de peixes, diferentes das duas analisadas neste trabalho.

The worry about environment and natural resources shortage has led to seek after a sustainable alternative. Faced with this need, the recycling process appears as a good way to minimize this natural resources use and the shortage of proper disposal sites caused by the large amount of waste discarded. The slate waste is in this context. Therefore, this research focuses on the study of the properties of this residue for applications in subbase and base of flexible road pavement. Distribution of particle sizes by sieving, Atterberg limits, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) with expansion and density were performed to mixtures of slate waste with clay. The testes used the laboratory structure of the Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica (CEFET/MG) and also Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem (DER/MG). The mixtures were made with seven proportions proposed containing between 50% - 75% of slate residue for sub-base and between 70% - 90% for base. The results indicate that the slate waste percent mixed with sandy clay most suitable for use as subbase and base of flexible pavements are 75% and 90% respectively. In addition, tests of resilient modulus were performed for all proposed contents. It was found that the mixture of slate waste with sandy clay soil has good resilient behavior. Finally, this study contributes for the application of the waste produced in the extraction of the slate in road paving, on basis of the technical and economical viability of the implantation and recovery of Minas Gerais’s (a state at the Southeast of Brazil) highways; reducing the areas of deposition and the environmental impacts caused.

This work presents an analysis and discussion through a case study of the use of Light Steel Frame System (LSF) used in the construction of 32 works for deployment of Elementary Schools, called Unidade Municipal de Ensino Infantil (UMEI’s), implemented in the municipality of Belo Horizonte (MG). The system allows the manufacturing of the main stages of the construction process, significantly reducing the period of execution of the work, adding dimensional quality, quantitative reduction of the employed, better planning, high standard of detailing of executive projects eliminating improvisations in the construction sites. The objective of this study is to analyze the constructive technology in LSF, identifying advantages and difficulties during the planning and execution, by comparison to conventional systems and discuss the technological adequacies in the passage of the conventional system for this system. The analysis of the data and information obtained indicated several positive aspects compared to conventional systems, such as greater efficiency in the constructive process, ensuring to works a character essentially of assemblage, increasing the construction of public facilities in less time with higher quality by streamlining the construction process

Desempenho de Matrizes de Cimento Aditivadas com Lama de Granito

Metodologia de Avaliação da Segurança de Barragens Baseada no Risco

Masonry construction has experienced a growing interest in Brazil in the last decades. Despite its intensive use for commercial and residential purposes the construction techniques present problems both due to constructive procedures and design specifications. This work deals with some construction defects in masonry structures, built with ceramic blocks of 14 x 19 x 39 cm, with holes, which are commonly found in site constructions in Brazil. It aims to identify their effects on the behaviour and strength of walls. The experimental programme includes the properties of materials used to build masonry ceramic walls and the behaviour and strength of 12 walls (120 cm x 260 cm) under compression in which defects, such as holes for services (hydraulic and electrical) and variations in joint thickness, are present. Results showed a reduction in compressive strength of walls. Results also showed that initial cracks occur earlier when defects are present indicating a reduction in safety conditions when compared to structures without defects.