The objective of this work was to analyze the operation of a Ford SIGMA 1.6 engine, with and without ignition pre-chamber, using gasoline (E25) as fuel. For this, one-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out with the GT-POWER software. These simulations allowed the calibration and validation of numerical models, based on experimental data obtained in dynamometric tests. Predictive and non-predictive models were created, which were validated with experimental data and subsequently used to evaluate the performance of the system using the pre-chamber in different operating conditions. The models presented consistent results, with errors of less than 5% in relation to experimental data. The results showed gains in fuel conversion efficiency and, consequently, a reduction in pollutant emissions, in relation to the spark ignition engine. The predictive models created also allowed changing the pre-chamber geometry parameters such as volume and orifice diameter, allowing the study of the influence of these pre-chamber geometric parameters on fuel conversion efficiency and to minimize specific fuel consumption.

The continuity of demand for oil on the world stage in the medium term implies the perseverance of the oil industry in Brazil, as well as stimulating the creation of new technologies for the maintenance of offshore processing plants. In order to reduce the presence of ignition sources in hydrocarbon plants, researchers have been developing alternatives to welded repairs with bandages composed of composite and polymeric material. Despite numerous researches, few studies are dedicated to the application of additive manufacturing resins for the manufacture of pressurized components. The 3D printing of a qualified repair or a section of pipeline, during the corrective maintenance of an oil platform, is something that can solve the logistical problems typical of the offshore environment. The objective of the work is to analyze the technical feasibility of carrying out emergency repairs of pressurized elements with additive manufacturing by photopolymerization. The preliminary results of the work demonstrate the possibility of using these materials and processes in low operational risk applications in a promising way.

Studies are needed to evaluate the efficiency of PVT-HP systems in specific situations, such as, for example, for heating water for homes in different locations. This research aims to evaluate a photovoltaic and thermal system assisted by a double tank indirect heat pump for domestic water heating in Brazilian locations. Therefore, the computational simulation methodology was used to carry out the project, using the Transient System Simulation – TRNSYS software. A comparison of simulated values with similar bibliographical ones was carried out and the validity of the elaborated systems was verified. The PVT-HP system showed a reduction of approximately 80% in electricity consumption from the grid compared to a fully electric system, and around 70% compared to conventional solar water heating systems. The cities that showed the highest values of electricity savings were Belo Horizonte, Brasília and Florianópolis. The most suitable top and bottom controller deadband temperatures for the project are 1 and 0 °C for the solar loop and 6 and 2 °C for the heat pump loop.

In structural projects, conventional analysis assumes a set of bars interconnected by nodal elements, and these connections are represented as completely rigid or flexible points.
The completely rigid connections indicate that the connectors transmit all the efforts between the elements and that there is rotational continuity. On the other hand, flexible bonds accept angular variation during the application of external forces.
Taking into account the concept of rotational stiffness, the EN 1993-1 standard classifies the connections as rigid or flexible, but there is an undefined intermediate region (semi-rigid connections). For the analysis of semi-rigid connections, several standards establish considerations to simplify the calculations and enable the design. In addition to the methodologies presented in standards, it is possible to verify the connections with the aid of the finite element method, which can lead to accurate results, but requires many computational resources.
The developed work seeks to evaluate the conservatism of the norms and propose a new equation for the calculation of semirrigid connections.

Supermarkets have the characteristics of consuming large amounts of energy, mainly associated with refrigeration systems, which in turn use refrigerants that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Thus, the use of a cascade refrigeration system with ejector (SRCE) and solar energy is addressed in this study, with the objective of evaluating the reduction of energy consumption and environmental impact through thermoeconomic and environmental analyses. When implementing this system, the selection of refrigerants was a determining point for the analyses, whose selection was based on thermodynamic and environmental properties, from which a comparison is made with a traditional fluid, quite present in the literature. Modeling was performed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software and included mass, energy, entropy and exergy balances for all system components. With the use of the ejector in the SRCE under study, it is expected to reduce part of the irreversibilities caused by the throttling process in the expansion device and thereby also reduce the power required by the compressor and increase the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system.

Cast steels with high percentages of C and Si are alloys widely used in the manufacture of parts in the automotive and railway sectors, and analyzes on the machinability of this type of material are scarce in the literature. These alloys combine excellent mechanical properties such as wear resistance, traction and tenacity due to their microstructure predominantly composed of bainite, ferrite and retained austenite. To carry out this research, the material was melted, chemical composition analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing were carried out. The machinability was analyzed in the dry turning operation with ceramic and carbide tools, with constant feed and cutting depth varying the cutting speed. Surface roughness and wear mechanisms were analyzed, and it was possible to observe that an increase in cutting speed led to greater tool wear due to abrasion, adhesion and diffusion mechanisms.

The present work aimed to analyze the performance of Split inverter type air conditioners in relation to conventional Split type equipment, considering a hypothetical scenario for a residential building of social interest (HlS), in hot and humid climate. In this way, an existing building located in the city of Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro was selected as a reference. Thermoenergetic simulations, using the program ©EnergyPlus and the application, Open Studio, were used to obtain output data, indispensable for comparative analyses. For that, a reference model of the selected real building was elaborated from the procedures established in the simulation method of the Technical Quality Regulation for the energy efficiency level (RTQ-R, 2012). The method also considered patterns of use and occupation. As a result, the energy model of the building was obtained and, at the same time, data on the constructive components, the pattern of use and occupation, the energy loads of the artificial lighting system, electrical equipment, air conditioning and respective curves were entered. of performance, as provided by suppliers, as well as information on air infiltration, as provided for in standard NBR 16555-3 (2018). However, it was possible to estimate the thermal load of the air conditioning equipment and, consequently, the energy performance was analyzed through the monthly electric energy consumption and the simulated annual EER of these equipments. Through the simulation it was possible to verify the difference in the operational performance of the conditioners compared in addition to the factors that influence energy consumption, with regard to climatic conditions. In this way, the hypothetical replacement of fixed Split by Split inverter devices, allowed a reduction of up to 41% in annual electricity consumption, as well as an increase in energy efficiency, by reaching values above 30%, comparing the two types of conditioners. . The results obtained in this research also show that the option to use inverter-type conditioners would reduce operating consumption considerably, providing a minimum savings of R$ 3,000.00 regardless of the housing analyzed, thus making it an attractive choice in the long term.

Vehicles must undergo inspections during their life cycle, in order to comply with traffic and environment, but also to ensure the full functioning of all automotive systems, promoting the safety of their occupants and other road users. Inmetro establishes quality guidelines, aiming for inspection bodies to be accredited to carry out this activity on its behalf. To ensure that the work carried out meets the expectations of the body, annual audits are carried out based on the ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17020:2012 standard, which record non-conformities when there is evidence of non-compliance with any item. The objective of this work is to evaluate, from the history of non-conformities of some organisms, the items that are more difficult to apply in the standard. These items are the critical points for the implementation and maintenance of quality management systems used by inspection bodies, and more attention is needed so that companies do not incur failures with the potential to harm the citizen or generate sanctions against the body by the accreditor. . In order to achieve the objectives, a database was created where the information contained in the FOR-CGCRE-388 forms were inserted, which contain the description of the non-conformities recorded in audits and the treatment proposed by the body in the period from January 2013 to December 2021. A total of 722 records of non-conformities registered in 93 audits of 14 companies were gathered. The analysis of the inventory of non-conformities shows that the organizations, over time, have evolved in maturity in their quality management systems, as the average of non-conformities per audit has reduced over time. The result of this study shows that item 7.3.1 of the standard is the one where most failures of organisms are recorded.

The growing use of alternative fuels is justified by the relationship between the intensification of global warming and the emission of greenhouse gases, including CO2. In Brazil, a country that is among the largest producers of ethanol, this fuel is an interesting alternative for reducing emissions, since it is widely used for internal combustion engines. When the entire energy chain is evaluated, including the production of fuel, ethanol appears as a clean fuel, with emission results equal to 0g of CO2 per kilometer traveled. This is because the process of photosynthesis in the production of ethanol absorbs the equivalent emissions during the operation of the vehicle powered by this fuel. The use of strategies and studies that make the internal combustion engine more efficient and less dependent on fossil sources is a decisive factor in the world scenario. The present work aims to evaluate the effect of RVC on specific fuel consumption. A study and 1D numerical simulation are carried out in the GT-Power software of a research single-cylinder internal combustion engine, model AVL 5496, with a direct fuel injection system, powered by ethanol, to evaluate the potential for reducing the specific consumption of fuel. fuel as a function of the variation in the volumetric compression ratio. The model was calibrated and validated from experimental data for 3000 and 4500 rpm in the WOT condition and volumetric compression ratio of 11.5:1. The differences found between the simulated model and the experimental data were less than 5% for the parameters of PMEI and BMEP. Maximum cylinder pressure, maximum pressure angle, indicated torque and ISFC, demonstrating model validation and correct correlation of boundary conditions.

Grain drying is a process for removing moisture from agricultural products in order to preserve their quality. However, this process has a high energy expenditure, which varies from 10 to 25% of the national energy use each year. Therefore, drying studies are relevant in order to better use energy resources. The present work carried out the study of a mathematical model for drying corn grains in a fixed bed. The mathematical model was based on the literature and the numerical results were solved by the Finite Volume Method with the ANSYS Fluent software and the User-Defined Function tool. The experimental data were obtained from Dias (2019) who carried out 6 experiments with temperatures of 40, 50 and 60°C and speeds of 0.8 and 1.3 m/s for the drying air in a cylindrical dryer with a diameter of 130mm and 200mm high. The experimental data were compared with the numerical results to validate the mathematical model. The validation considered 3 parameters: coefficient of determination R^2, root mean square error (RMSE) and BIAS percentage (PBIAS). The values measured for the 6 experiments showed excellent agreement with the values simulated for the two-dimensional model, with the value of R^2 varying between 0.997 and 0.999 and the values of RMSE and PBIAS close to zero. Three corn property equations from the literature were added to the mathematical model to replace the old equations. When carrying out the validation, he concluded that these equations can be used in the mathematical model. The three-dimensional model also predicted the drying behavior and the values were close to the two-dimensional model. An energetic and exergetic analysis of the 6 drying experiments was carried out, where the experiment with a temperature of 40°C and a speed of 0.8 m/s, obtained the highest average of energy efficiency, being equal to 17.5% and the experiment with temperature of 60°C and speed of 0.8m/s, it obtained the highest average of exergetic efficiency, being equal to 2.5%.

The National Energy Plan (PNE) 2050 of Brazil has as its main premise issues related to the energy transition. In this sense, the Brazilian energy matrix diversification is noticed through renewable energy sources and the expansion of micro and distributed mini-generation. Microalgae photobioreactors associated with buildings emerge as alternatives to meet this goal. The proposal of this integration is that photobioreactors, in addition to producing bioenergy for the building, could act as a passive air conditioning system and provide excess heat from the cultivation for the heating system of the building. The present work evaluated initial alternatives for the use of photobioreactors in a commercial building in southeastern Brazil through a thermoenergetic model. Energyplus and Engineering Equation Solver software were udes for energy and thermal analysis of photobioreactors integrated into the building. The results indicated that photobioreactors can assist the building's air conditioning system by being modeled as a glazing of the building's envelope and, when modeled on the roof, can assist the building's water heating system.

In face of a growing world energy demand, the search for a replacement of non-renewable energy sources with renewable ones becomes increasingly relevant. Among the consuming sectors of an economy, the buildings sector represents significant consumption. Although the number of buildings that have solar energy systems is increasing, there are still few direct applications to power air conditioning systems using solar energy. In addition, there is the fact that air conditioning systems represent the largest share of consumption in buildings in general. Thus, the development of research related to the use of renewable energies in air conditioning systems becomes relevant. This work aims to carry out a theoretical study of the CEFET-MG solar plant, for total or partial supply of thermal energy to the air conditioning system with an absorption chiller direct-fired type for building 20, in order to reduce operating costs with electrical energy and to operate the system more sustainably. The air conditioning system studied is a central air conditioning system and it will be used for thermal comfort in the classrooms of the institutional building, which has a significant usage profile in terms of energy consumption. We intend to verify the feasibility of replacing or reducing the concessionaire's electricity with the energy supplied by the solar plant installed on the Nova Gameleira campus. The software TRNSYS 16 will be used for modeling collectors, simulating the solar plant, developed in partnership with Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais – CEMIG, through a research and development project. In addition to the simulation of the solar plant feeding the air conditioning system of the institutional building, more comprehensive economic feasibility analyses will be carried out, taking into account costs, such as installation, which will help to conclude on the advantage of using the proposed system.