SPEECHES ON INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION: the Capanema Reform in dispute
Speech on Industrial Education: the Capanema Reform in Dispute
The present dissertation aims to present the conceptions and projects regarding the education of the worker that were in dispute in the process of elaborating the industrial education reform, known as the Capanema reform. After Getúlio Vargas rose to power, the State began to concentrate powers and invested in a development policy for the country, with an emphasis on industrialization and the construction of a nationalist ideological project. In this context, education began to be seen as a tool for modernization and nation-building, becoming a matter of political relevance. With the need for qualified labor and the establishment of social rights for workers, industrial education gained more prominence and became a subject of contention. These disputes involved two ministries created by the Getúlio Vargas government, the Ministry of Labor, Industry, and Commerce and the Ministry of Education and Health. Our analysis was based on the political discourses produced by educators and agents of industrial education, present in the proposals developed by these ministries. These speeches were analyzed taking as inspiration the perspective of French school discourse analysis, which considers that discourses are a product of man in his time, inserted in a certain social reality and, therefore, carriers of a certain representation of society. The theoretical foundations that served as an analytical tool in the research development are embedded in the fields of Political History and Intellectual History. We believe that the industrialists' conception, which subordinates industrial education to industry needs, prevailed, but educators' perspective on comprehensive education also served the government's political purposes.