A voz da presidenta: a construção de ethé discursivos em pronunciamentos políticos
de Dilma Rousseff
Discourse Analysis; discursive ethos; political speech; public sphere; feminine gender.
This research intends to analyze the discursive ethé present in Dilma Rousseff’s political pronouncements. From the selection of three pronouncements, which represent and belong to specific and distinct moments of the government of the Brazilian ex-president, we seek to identify the strategies of political discourse and investigate how they were mobilized to construct discursive ethé. The theme approaches discussions about political discourse, feminine gender and sociodiscursive imaginaries. The analysis is conducted from the collection of the corpus in the audiovisual media. The decision considers important polysemic aspects, such as gestures, intonation and visual presentation, which can be observed from the details that the audiovisual offers. In the theoretical course, we initially support reflections on democracy with Bobbio (1986), on the public sphere in Arendt (2014), Habermas (1984, 2011), Fraser (1990), Benhabib (1992), on the erasure of women as public and political figure with Wollstonecraft (2016), Pateman (1993), Teles (1999) and Moraes (2003). Then, we discuss the strategies of political discourse from Charaudeau (2006), Piovezani (2009) and Courtine (2006), and relate them to some argument sctructures studied by Amossy (2007, 2011, 2018), Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996), Ferreira (2010), Abreu (2009) and Maingueneau (2001, 2005, 2008). We also observe the construction of the statements with Benveniste (1995) and the biographical dimension in political discourses with Arfuch (2010), Butler (2017) and Machado (2011, 2012, 2013). In the methodology, we combine contributions of the Discourse Analysis of French orientation and Argumentation to list categories of analysis. The analyzes point to the existence of mutuals ethé to the three pronouncements, and specifics ethé to each of the communicative situations, responsible for creating the image of the politician. We see that the construction of ethos necessarily passes through an interdiscursive medium and is done by linguistic resources, as collective imaginaries about Brazil and public management, values and anti-values, biographical moments. All of them converge to seek the president legitimacy. We observe that Dilma Rousseff's self-image is mobilized, in all three pronouncements, in an inseparable way to the defense of democracy.